從很多學(xué)生SAT寫作成績的三項(xiàng)得分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)來看，最為困擾大家的是analysis，也就是關(guān)于要是關(guān)于reasoning邏輯推理的考查，其實(shí)不單對國人來說它最難，對母語老外來說也如此，應(yīng)該如何攻克呢?

過一些美國人教SAT寫作，作為寫作老師，考自己的母語考試，寫作分?jǐn)?shù)也是8/7/8，唯一沒有滿分的就是analysis一項(xiàng)。其實(shí)大家不必太過于苛求analysis的分?jǐn)?shù)，本來寫作就是一個主觀科目，SAT寫作又是評析性寫作，類似于中國的閱讀理解一樣，就像咱們答高考語文，也同樣很難在閱讀理解上得到滿分。每個人對于文章都有自己不同的理解，所以只要大家在SAT寫作analysis上盡可能得到相對的高分——6分或者7分，加上其他兩項(xiàng)相對好得分的reading和writing，那么整體分?jǐn)?shù)就很樂觀了。

根據(jù)SAT寫作考查方向來看，除了分析論據(jù)之外，我們必須還要關(guān)注閱讀文章作者是如何“排兵布陣”，組織論據(jù)，證明論點(diǎn)的，也就是要分析閱讀文章的論證方式。所以說，evidence論據(jù)解決的是“用什么來論證”的問題，而reasoning論證解決的則是“如何使用論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)”的問題。一篇議論文，如果只是幾個例子，數(shù)據(jù)，事實(shí)等論據(jù)簡單陳述甚至是雜亂無章的列羅的話，那么讀者也同樣會一頭霧水，不知所云，邏輯混亂，也不會接收到文章想要傳達(dá)的最核心的內(nèi)容。所以高質(zhì)量的議論文必定會采用清晰的邏輯順序，合理的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，順暢的行文思路來展開自己的論述。

關(guān)于reasoning一項(xiàng)考查的最淺顯的部分就是對于文章的結(jié)構(gòu)把握，常見的議論文邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)有：

Pattern 1 Definition

(1) add to the definition by offering specific examples;

(2) provide information about history, location, context, or usage;

(3) explain how the term differs from a similar word or phrase;

(4) further define the key term by introducing its antonym, or term opposite in meaning.

Pattern 2 Comparison and Contrast

(1) With the help of comparison, authors can help readers better understand the things being compared. For example, comparing something abstract with something concrete and familiar may help readers easily know the former.

(2) With the help of contrast, authors will be able to emphasize something effectively by putting it in front of its opposite. For example, by putting the beautiful and the ugly, or the good and the evil together, an author can easily convince readers the beauty or kindness of a person.

Pattern 3 Cause and Effect

The process of explaining how an event leads to or produces another is the pattern of cause and effect. In this pattern, if A leads to B, A is called the cause while B the effect. The pattern of cause and effect, when used, helps readers to have a clear understanding of not only what happens or what happens first, but more importantly why something happens, which is essential for knowing about an event.

Pattern 4 Time Order

Writers use the process pattern to tell their readers how something works, happens, or develops.

(1) describe what made a particular span of time eventful or memorable, making people realize the significance or influence of something;

(2) chart the career of an important figure, helping readers to have a better understanding of the person discussed;

(3) explain how some theory, invention, or activity came to be part of culture or history, building a general background for readers or to help them realize the significance of them.

Pattern 5 classifications

In the classification pattern, the order of the supporting details is also not important. However, there is a critical difference between simple listing and classification. Paragraphs relying on the classification pattern always make the same point: They tell the reader how some larger group can be broken down into smaller subgroups, or classes, each with its own defining set of characteristics. The use of classification patterns can help readers to understand easier abstract or complicated concepts, ideas, or events.

關(guān)于邏輯推理考查的比較深刻的部分就是對于原閱讀文章邏輯行文走向的考查，所以除了上面提到的一種相對簡單的reasoning之外，大家如果想在reasoning這項(xiàng)再獲取更多分?jǐn)?shù)的話，就要對文章的句子和句子之間的邏輯，段落和段落之間的邏輯分析的越細(xì)致越全面越好。而這個能力不是一朝一夕能練成的，需要大家進(jìn)行大量的高質(zhì)量的閱讀地道的議論文才能慢慢提高，這也是reasoning為什么難得分的原因。另外，我還建議大家在考試的時(shí)候也可以適當(dāng)?shù)挠米约毫?xí)慣的符號或者批注的方式進(jìn)行細(xì)致的標(biāo)注，這樣你會對這篇文章的邏輯做到一目了然。

附SAT寫作的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

新SAT作文分?jǐn)?shù)是如何打出來的，滿分是多少?

和舊SAT寫作一樣，每篇作文的分?jǐn)?shù)都是由兩位閱卷人所打分?jǐn)?shù)相加得來。不同之處在于，每位閱卷人分別要對Reading，Analysis，Writing三個單項(xiàng)打分(1-4)，各單項(xiàng)分?jǐn)?shù)相加得到最終作文分?jǐn)?shù)(也是由三個單項(xiàng)分?jǐn)?shù)組成)，滿分8/8/8。

而最讓人驚異的是，閱卷人打分所用的時(shí)間只有幾十秒中，基本等于把文章掃一遍，分?jǐn)?shù)就立即打出了!

官方對每個單項(xiàng)的滿分要求是什么?有什么需要特別注意的?

Reading

The response shows an understanding of the text’s central idea(s) and of most important details and how they interrelate, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of the text.

The response is free of errors of fact or interpretation with regard to the text.

The response makes skillful use of textual evidence (quotations, paraphrases, or both), demonstrating a complete understanding of the source text.

解析：對這部分官方的要求已經(jīng)很清楚了，概括來說就是要：準(zhǔn)確理解作者的中心思想和最重要細(xì)節(jié)，分析這些細(xì)節(jié)與作者觀點(diǎn)之間的聯(lián)系，熟練運(yùn)用引用或轉(zhuǎn)述來展現(xiàn)對文章的理解。

需要注意的是，“準(zhǔn)確理解”是新SAT寫作最基礎(chǔ)的要求，也是我們得分的前提。只要正確概括重要細(xì)節(jié)并做合理解析，Reading的分?jǐn)?shù)就不難拿到手。但是，假若理解錯誤，那么不僅Reading，Analysis，甚至Writing的分?jǐn)?shù)也全都不可能得到了!因此，選擇細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)，除了需要確定細(xì)節(jié)與作者論點(diǎn)之間的聯(lián)系之外，還要務(wù)必避免那些自己讀不懂的內(nèi)容。

Analysis

The response offers an insightful analysis of the source text and demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the analytical task.

The response offers a thorough, well-considered evaluation of the author’s use of evidence, reasoning, and/or stylistic and persuasive elements, and/or feature(s) of the student’s own choosing.

The response contains relevant, sufficient, and strategically chosen support for claim(s) or point(s) made.

The response focuses consistently on those features of the text that are most relevant to addressing the task.

解析：這是官方最讓人摸不著頭腦的描述，總之就是一個要求：分析要深入，透徹且必須圍繞觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行。那么怎樣寫才算達(dá)到了“insightful”“thorough”的要求呢?通過研究官方范文analysis部分評語發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要能夠分析出細(xì)節(jié)的深層含義(connotation)，說明細(xì)節(jié)如何能夠論證作者觀點(diǎn)以及為什么能夠達(dá)到說服讀者的效果，analysis的要求就算達(dá)到了。

Writing

The response is cohesive and demonstrates a highly effective use and command of language.

The response includes a precise central claim.

The response includes a skillful introduction and conclusion. The response demonstrates a deliberate and highly effective progression of ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the essay.

The response has a wide variety in sentence structures. The response demonstrates a consistent use of precise word choice. The response maintains a formal style and objective tone.

The response shows a strong command of the conventions of standard written English and is free or virtually free of errors.

解析：除了對開頭結(jié)尾的要求之外，其余標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大致與其他寫作考試一致：行文連貫，句式多樣，用詞準(zhǔn)確、正式，少語法錯誤。連貫性主要通過邏輯連接詞和語意重復(fù)來加強(qiáng)，至于句式和用詞，可以通過借鑒和范文中的表達(dá)，提升自己的語言質(zhì)量。提高語言質(zhì)量是一項(xiàng)長期任務(wù)，只有通過不斷磨練，才能漸臻佳境。

以上就是小編為大家?guī)淼摹禨AT寫作高分 從提升邏輯分析能力開始》的全部內(nèi)容。希望考生們能聽取這些建議與叮囑放松心情，將SAT考試看成是因公出國旅游，豈不妙哉。更多SAT備考知識與技巧攻略，請持續(xù)關(guān)注牛學(xué)SAT頻道。祝2018年與SAT一戰(zhàn)即高分。